In vitro Regeneration and Phytochemical Screening of Tylophora indica, an Endangered Medicinal Herb

ABSTRACT: In vitro regeneration of Tylophora indica from mature leaf explants placed on MS with low concentration (1mM) of Kin and BA alone and in combination with Kin and BA induced multiple shoots and roots. Leaf explants on MS with BA   and 2, 4-D or NAA along with Ads had poor organogenic responses. The responses of leaf explants in MS + Kin (1mM) implicate the feasibility for multiplication of this species. Comparative phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids and carbohydrates both in adult leaf and in vitro derived callus. It evidences the potential utility of tissue cultures for production of bioactive compounds. It may be concluded that further standardization of hormonal combinations could   helpful for large scale propagation and extraction of drugs for pharmaceutical application. Â

Screening of antimicrobial potential of in vitro calli and adult leaf extracts of Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merril

The analysis of leaf and in vitro calli extracts of Tylophora indica indicated qualitative difference in the phytochemical compounds. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of selected solvent extracts of the leaf ranged from 20 to 80 mg/ml. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts were effective in inhibiting most of the tested pathogens but the aqueous extract had poor inhibition. Both the leaf and calli extracts had varying inhibitory action against the test organisms. It may be concluded that in vitro calli culture methods could lead to maintain bioactive potential of plants and to formulate antimicrobial drugs of natural origin.Keywords: Tylophora indica, leaf, calli, phytocompounds, agar diffusion, pathogens, in vitro cultureAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(9), pp. 958-96

SaS-BCI: A New Strategy to Predict Image Memorability and use Mental Imagery as a Brain-Based Biometric Authentication

Security authentication is one of the most important levels of information security. Nowadays, human biometric techniques are the most secure methods for authentication purposes that cover the problems of older types of authentication like passwords and pins. There are many advantages of recent biometrics in terms of security; however, they still have some disadvantages. Progresses in technology made some specific devices, which make it possible to copy and make a fake human biometric because they are all visible and touchable. According to this matter, there is a need for a new biometric to cover the issues of other types. Brainwave is human data, which uses them as a new type of security authentication that has engaged many researchers. There are some research and experiments, which are investigating and testing EEG signals to find the uniqueness of human brainwave. Some researchers achieved high accuracy rates in this area by applying different signal acquisition techniques, feature extraction and classifications using Brain–Computer Interface (BCI). One of the important parts of any BCI processes is the way that brainwaves could be acquired and recorded. A new Signal Acquisition Strategy is presented in this paper for the process of authorization and authentication of brain signals specifically. This is to predict image memorability from the user’s brain to use mental imagery as a visualization pattern for security authentication. Therefore, users can authenticate themselves with visualizing a specific picture in their minds. In conclusion, we can see that brainwaves can be different according to the mental tasks, which it would make it harder using them for authentication process. There are many signal acquisition strategies and signal processing for brain-based authentication that by using the right methods, a higher level of accuracy rate could be achieved which is suitable for using brain signal as another biometric security authentication

Development and Analysis of Poly Vinyl Alcohol/Orange peel powder biocomposite films

Environmental concerns are raised due to municipal solid wastes especially due to non-biodegradable packaging waste materials. To overcome such issues, researchers gained attention in biodegradable natural waste materials as an alternative to existing non-biodegradable packaging materials. In this work, Orange Peel Powder (OPP) chosen as a filler at varying proportion (5% to 20% of wt.) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) used a matrix to prepare biocomposite films by solution casting method. The films were analyzed with FT-IR, XRD, TGA, DSC, and tensile tests. The results of FT-IR and XRD show smooth dispersion of PVA and OPP, whereas samples are thermally stable up to 350°C & tensile properties of the prepared biofilms increased with inclusion of OPP from 6.20 MPa to 7.80 MPa and are better than the conventional-packaging materials which can be used as eco-friendly packaging materials

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uploaded by Dr. M. SabeshCrop variety improvement research and development based on conventional breeding as well as biotechnological methods (GM varieties) require considerable investments, in terms of both scientific manpower and financial expenditure. Therefore, in order to attract investment and encourage progress and development, plant-breeding programs have to be protected from misuse, and ensure appropriate incentives to the breeders.Thus, an effective system of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) will not only be a safeguard against unlawful commercial exploitation of the new varieties but also stimulate the development of new varieties. The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties (UPOV), with 54 member countries ( as in 2004),provides and promotes an effective system of Plant Variety Protection (PVP) with the aim of encouraging development of new plant varieties for the benefit of mankind in member states.India is not yet a member. UPOV has developed guidelines for testing of more than 200 plant species before granting them protection. These Test Guidelines are used as standard reference document world wide in relation to the description of plant varieties and testing of plant varieties to be qualified for Protection in UPOV member states.Not Availabl

Potential of liquid extracts of Sargassum wightii on growth, biochemical and yield parameters of cluster bean plant

Objective: To explore biofertilizing efficiency of seaweed liquid extracts of brown alga Sargassum wightii (S. wightii) on growth, biochemical and yield parameters of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (C. tetragonoloba). Methods: Seaweeds were made to coarse powder and stock solution was prepared. Different concentrations such as 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% were prepared and given as foliar spray. Results: Seaweed Liquid Extract (SLE) at low concentration (1.5%) exhibited promoting effect on growth and yield parameters. Differential responses in the content of photosynthetic pigments, protein, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid and in the activity of nitrate reductase were also observed in the leaves of SLE treated seedlings when compared to untreated seedlings. Higher concentrations (above 1.5%) of SLE were found to show inhibitory effect. Conclusion: The presence of micro and macro nutrients, vitamins, growth hormones and other constituents in the seaweed extract might be very much useful to the crops but their level should be appropriate to enhance growth and productivity. It may be concluded that liquid seaweed extracts could serve as cost effective eco-friendly product for sustainable agriculture

PVK-grafted multiwalled carbon nanotube materials with enhanced mobility for electronic devices

Carbon nanotubes are unique due to their exceptional optical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical capabilities. This research included enhancing the electrical conductivity of a poly (9-vinyl carbazole) (PVK)-based organic semiconductor by combining it with a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The electrical conductivity was calculated utilizing composites of PVK-doped CNTs. In an organic medium, the composites were synthesized via in situ chemical polymerization. The immobility of PVK in the form of oxidation, high conductivity, and permitting electrochemical behavior of the materials for application in electronics was investigated. The study involved composites that alter electrical conductivity and different structure that shows stable dispersion in the PVK polymer of various molecular weights. It is an effective nanotube dispersion at low PVK concentration. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to validate the generation of composites from synthesized CNTs and composites. The morphological structures were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The electrical conductivity was evaluated, and the movement of charge between polymers and CNTs was discussed

Interrelationships of seed reserve utilization components in desi cotton (Gossypium arboreum)

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